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The Publisher Item Identifier (PII) is a unique identifier used by a number of scientific journal publishers to identify documents.〔(Publisher Item Identifier as a means of document identification ), Elsevier web site, last update 9 April 1998, accessed October 2003〕 It uses the pre-existing ISSN or ISBN of the publication in question, and adds a character for source publication type, an item number, and a check digit. The system was adopted in 1996 by the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Physics, the American Physical Society, Elsevier Science, and the IEEE. ==Format== A PII is a 17-character string, consisting of: * one character to indicate source publication type: "S" = serial with ISSN, "B" = book with ISBN * ISSN (8 digits) or ISBN (10 characters) of the serial or book to which the publication item is primarily assigned * in the case of serials an additional two digit number to pad the difference between the 8-digit ISSN and an ISBN (suggested are the last two digits of calendar year of the date of assignment, which is not necessarily identical to the cover date) * a 5-digit number assigned by the publisher that is unique to the publication item within the serial or book * a check digit (0-9 or X) When a PII is printed (as opposed to stored in a database), the 17-character string may be extended with punctuation characters to make it more readable to humans, as in Sxxxx-xxxx(yy)iiiii-d or Bx-xxx-xxxxx-x/iiiii-d. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Publisher Item Identifier」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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